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中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (01) : 107 -112. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2023.01.015

论著

不同避孕方式对女性再次受孕的影响因素分析
沈立平1, 龙驭云1, 杨月华2, 张敏2, 许阳1, 赵亚丽1, 李静1, 张昀3, 江世文3, 孙志明2,()   
  1. 1江苏省连云港市妇幼保健院,连云港 222000
    2江苏省卫生健康发展研究中心,国家卫健委计划生育药具不良反应监测中心,南京 210036
    3南京医科大学附属无锡妇幼保健院生殖医学中心,无锡 214002
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-08 修回日期:2023-01-07 出版日期:2023-02-01
  • 通信作者: 孙志明

Influencing factors of different contraceptive methods on female fertility

Liping Shen1, Yuyun Long1, Yuehua Yang2, Min Zhang2, Yang Xu1, Yali Zhao1, Jing Li1, Yun Zhang3, Shiwen Jiang3, Zhiming Sun2,()   

  1. 1Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
    2Jiangsu Province Health Development Research Center, National Health and Family Planning Commission Contraceptives Adverse Reaction Surveillance Center, Nanjing 210036, Jiangsu Province, China
    3Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2022-09-08 Revised:2023-01-07 Published:2023-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Zhiming Sun
  • Supported by:
    Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Family Planning Drug Adverse Reaction Monitoring Center of National Population and Family Planning Commission(YJJC201801)
引用本文:

沈立平, 龙驭云, 杨月华, 张敏, 许阳, 赵亚丽, 李静, 张昀, 江世文, 孙志明. 不同避孕方式对女性再次受孕的影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2023, 19(01): 107-112.

Liping Shen, Yuyun Long, Yuehua Yang, Min Zhang, Yang Xu, Yali Zhao, Jing Li, Yun Zhang, Shiwen Jiang, Zhiming Sun. Influencing factors of different contraceptive methods on female fertility[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2023, 19(01): 107-112.

目的

探讨宫内节育器(IUD)与避孕套避孕对育龄妇女再次受孕的影响因素。

方法

选择2016年1月至2018年12月连云港地区孕产保健系统中各级医院住院分娩且生育二孩的15 031例孕妇为研究对象。采用回顾性队列研究法,按照孕前采取的避孕措施不同,将其分为IUD组(n=7 452,孕前采取IUD者)和避孕套组(n=7 579,孕前采取避孕套者)。于2019年1月30日至2020年11月30日,对2组受试者完成再生育基线调查、生育二孩后第1次随访及数据资料汇总,观察2组育龄妇女再次受孕的影响因素。本研究经过江苏省连云港市妇幼保健院伦理委员会批准(审查批号:LYG-MEP202101)。

结果

①2组孕妇年龄、职业、人体质量指数(BMI)、流产次数等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。② 2组不同年龄、流产次数、第1胎分娩方式及避孕时间育龄妇女的再受孕时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③2组在停用避孕措施后的6、12、18、24个月内的累计妊娠率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。④对育龄妇女再次受孕影响因素的多因素COX回归分析结果显示,年龄≥35岁(HR=1.063,95%CI:1.027~1.101,P<0.05),体重指数<18.5 kg/m2(HR=0.867,95%CI:0.802~0.938,P<0.001),体重指数≥24.0 kg/m2(HR=1.265,95%CI:1.054~1.519,P<0.05),流产次数为1~2次(HR=1.439,95%CI:1.349~1.534,P<0.001),流产次数为≥3次(HR=1.352,95%CI:1.268~1.441,P<0.001),均是影响育龄妇女再次受孕的独立危险因素。

结论

育龄妇女应避免高龄妊娠、合理控制体重和减少人工终止妊娠术次数。正确使用IUD,对于取出IUD后育龄妇女再次受孕无影响。

Objective

To investigate influencing factors of subsequent pregnancy ability of childbearing-aged women after the discontinuation of intrauterine device (IUD).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted by extracting 15 031 pregnant women from the Lianyungang Maternal Health Care System who gave birth in hospitals at all levels in Lianyungang area from January 2016 to December 2018. They were divided into IUD group (discontinuation of IUD, n=7 452) and condom group (discontinuation of condom, n=7 579) according to the different discontinuation of contraceptive measures. From January 30, 2019 to November 30, 2020, the baseline survey, first follow-up visit after the birth of second child were completed and subsequent pregnancy ability of childbearing-aged women after the discontinuation of IUD were summarized. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangsu Province (Approve No. LYG-MEP202101).

Results

① There were no statistically significant differences between two groups of age, occupation, body mass index (BMI), and number of miscarriages (P>0.05). ② There were statistically significant differences in the subsequent pregnancy time of childbearing women at different ages, abortion frequency, delivery mode of the first child and contraceptive time between the two groups (P<0.05). ③There was no significant difference in the cumulative pregnancy rate in 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the cessation of contraception between the two groups (P>0.05). ④ The results of COX multivariate regression analysis on the influencing factors of fertility in women of childbearing age showed that age ≥35 years old (HR=1.063, 95%CI: 1.027-1.101, P<0.05), body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 (HR=0.867, 95%CI: 0.802-0.938, P<0.001), body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m2(HR=1.265, 95%CI: 1.054-1.519, P<0.05), the number of abortions was 1-2 (HR=1.439, 95%CI: 1.349-1.534, P<0.001), the number of abortion ≥3 (HR=1.352, 95%CI: 1.268-1.441, P<0.001), were independent risk factors affecting fertility in women of childbearing age.

Conclusions

Childbearing-aged women should avoid advanced pregnancy, control their weight reasonably and reduce the number of artificial termination of pregnancy. Proper use of the IUD has no effect on the fertility of women of childbearing age after removal of the IUD.

表1 2组停用避孕措施后生育二胎育龄妇女的一般临床资料比较[例数(%)]
表2 2组停用避孕措施后生育二胎育龄妇女的再次受孕时间比较
表3 2组停用避孕措施后生育二胎育龄妇女不同时间累计妊娠率比较[例数(%)]
表4 停用避孕措施1年内影响育龄妇女再次受孕危险因素的多因素COX回归分析
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