切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (02) : 243 -248. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-5250.2021.02.017

所属专题: 文献

论著

儿童不典型急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎临床分析
邓会英(), 李颖杰, 陈椰, 杨华彬, 钟发展, 邓慧   
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-11 修回日期:2021-03-11 出版日期:2021-04-01
  • 通信作者: 邓会英

Clinical analysis of atypical acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children

Huiying Deng(), Yingjie Li, Ye Chen, Huabin Yang, Fazhan Zhong, Hui Deng   

  • Received:2020-04-11 Revised:2021-03-11 Published:2021-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Huiying Deng
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Project of Strengthening Guangdong Province of Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine(20152042); Guangzhou Key Science and Technology Project(201300000618, 201904010476)
引用本文:

邓会英, 李颖杰, 陈椰, 杨华彬, 钟发展, 邓慧. 儿童不典型急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎临床分析[J]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2021, 17(02): 243-248.

Huiying Deng, Yingjie Li, Ye Chen, Huabin Yang, Fazhan Zhong, Hui Deng. Clinical analysis of atypical acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition), 2021, 17(02): 243-248.

目的

探讨儿童不典型急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎(APSGN)的临床特点。

方法

选择2015年10月至2019年6月,于广州市妇女儿童医疗中心诊治的12例不典型APSGN患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析其临床病例资料,包括临床表现、实验室检查及肾活检组织病理学检查结果、治疗和随访结果等。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。

结果

12例不典型APSGN患儿均急性起病,9例为肉眼血尿,肾功能异常者为6例。9例肉眼血尿患儿中,2例持续肉眼血尿4~5周才转为镜下血尿,2例反复肉眼血尿分别至病程第8、10周才转为镜下血尿。11例肾病水平蛋白尿患儿中,7例符合肾病综合征(NS)诊断标准。12例患儿肾活检穿刺术取肾组织光镜结果示,系膜增生肾小球肾炎(GN)及毛细血管内增生性GN各为6例;电镜结果示,其均为系膜区、上皮下或内皮下电子致密物沉积,其中上皮下驼峰状电子致密物沉积为7例;免疫荧光结果示,其系膜区和毛细血管襻C3和免疫球蛋白(Ig)G沉积为主,或C3沉积为主。对6例患儿采取激素和(或)免疫抑制剂治疗,包括4例采用泼尼松口服治疗,2例采用甲泼尼龙联合环磷酰胺冲击治疗后,改泼尼松口服维持治疗;对另外6例患儿仅进行抗感染、对症支持治疗。随访4个月至3年,所有患儿肾功能正常,预后良好。

结论

对于急性期感染控制后,仍然表现为持续蛋白尿和(或)肾活检病理表现为显著系膜增生的不典型APSGN患儿,激素和(或)免疫抑制剂治疗,可能改善其预后。

Objective

To explore clinical characteristics of atypical acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) in children.

Methods

From October 2015 to June 2019, a total of 12 children with atypical APSGN who were diagnosed and treated in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center were selected as research subjects. Their clinical case data were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and renal biopsy histopathological results, treatment and follow-up results. The procedure followed in this study was consistent with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki revised in 2013.

Results

All 12 cases of atypical APSGN had acute onset, among them 9 cases with macroscopic hematuria and 6 cases with renal dysfunction. There were 2 cases continued with macroscopic hematuria for 4 to 5 weeks and then turned into microscopic hematuria, and 2 cases with repeated macroscopic hematuria were not converted to microscopic hematuria until 8, 10 weeks, respectively after the onset. Among 11 cases with nephrotic level proteinuria, there were 7 cases meeting the diagnostic criteria of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Light microscope results of renal biopsies of 12 children were 6 cases of mesangial hyperplasia glomerulonephritis (GN) and 6 cases of endocapillary hyperplasia GN. Results of renal biopsies by electron microscopic in those of above 12 cases were electron dense deposition in mesangial area, subepithelial or subendothelial in sight in all cases, and 7 cases had subcutaneous hump-like electron dense deposit. C3 combined with immunoglobulin (Ig) G deposition, or only C3 deposition were observed on mesangial region and capillary loop by immunofluorescence. Among 6 cases who were treated with steroids and (or) immunosuppressants, there were 4 cases with oral prednisone, and 2 cases with oral prednisone after pulse dose of methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide. The other 6 cases only were treated with simple anti-infection treatment and symptomatic supporting treatment. Renal function and prognosis in those of 12 children all were normal and well after follow-up for 4 to 36 months.

Conclusions

After anti-infection treatment during acute stage, if children with APSGN are persistent with nephrotic level proteinuria and (or) clinicopathological findings with significant mesangial hyperplasia, steroids and (or) immunosuppressant treatment may improve their renal outcomes.

表1 本组不典型APSGN患儿临床资料
病例(No.) 年龄(岁) 性别 临床表现 血清ASO水平(IU/mL) 血清肌酐浓度(μmol/L) 血浆白蛋白水平(g/L) 血清胆固醇浓度(mmol/L) 血清补体C3水平(g/L) 新月体数目/肾小球数目
1 7 浮肿,镜下血尿,肾病水平蛋白尿、高血压 942 115 22.0 6.97 0.65 2/46
2 7 浮肿,镜下血尿,肾病水平蛋白尿 953 正常 31.9 7.04 0.40 a
3 6 浮肿、肉眼血尿、肾病水平蛋白尿 1 543 正常 24.7 7.05 0.66 a
4 8 肉眼血尿,肾病水平蛋白尿,肾功能损害。紫癜性肾炎4年病史 1 344 78 24.6 5.15 0.06 35/59
5 8 反复肉眼血尿,微量蛋白尿 453 正常 正常 正常 0.75 a
6 11 浮肿、肉眼血尿,肾病水平蛋白尿,肾功能损害 584 214 32.6 4.30 0.39 a
7 4 浮肿、肉眼血尿、肾病水平蛋白尿,肾功能损害 1 073 132 22.6 5.84 0.29 11/22
8 6 浮肿,肉眼血尿,高血压,肾病水平蛋白尿,肾功能损害 311 75 23.1 10.60 0.20 3/27
9 8 浮肿,反复肉眼血尿,肾病水平蛋白尿 695 正常 26.5 5.59 0.07 a
10 9 浮肿,镜下血尿,高血压,肾病水平蛋白尿 918 正常 33.3 6.02 0.11 a
11 8 浮肿,肉眼血尿,肾病水平蛋白尿,肾功能损害 3 930 203 21.8 3.76 0.12 a
12 9 浮肿,肉眼血尿,肾病水平蛋白尿,肾功能损害 2 130 188 24.9 6.72 0.50 2/35
病例(No.) 肾活检光镜检查结果 激素和(或)免疫抑制剂治疗 随访及转归
1 中重度系膜细胞增生,毛细血管内皮细胞增生,毛细血管襻受压、纤维素样坏死,上皮下系膜区嗜复红 甲泼尼龙15~20 mg/(kg·d)×3 d联合环磷酰胺8~12 mg/(kg·d)×2 d,静脉冲击为1个疗程,治疗3个疗程后,给予泼尼松1.5 mg/(kg·d)口服,病情稳定后剂量递减,治疗12个月后停药 随访3年。尿液分析示微量红细胞,发热时偶有微量蛋白和红细胞增多,热退后尿蛋白消失
2 中至重度系膜细胞弥漫性增生,毛细血管内皮细胞增生,毛细血管襻狭窄,上皮下嗜复红 泼尼松2 mg/(kg·d)口服,病情稳定后剂量递减,治疗12个月后停药 病程10个月时尿液分析结果正常,之后随访14个月时尿液分析未见异常
3 轻~中度系膜细胞增生 泼尼松1 mg/(kg·d)口服,病情稳定后剂量递减,治疗3个月后停药 病程1年后尿液分析结果正常
4 轻度系膜细胞增生,毛细血管内皮细胞增生明显,毛细血管襻狭窄、纤维素样坏死,上皮下嗜复红 b 病程35 d时尿蛋白转为阴性,肉眼血尿消失。随访2年时,尿红细胞少量、无蛋白尿
5 轻~中度系膜细胞增生、节段性毛细血管内皮增生,上皮下系膜区嗜复红 b 病程3个月后无肉眼血尿及蛋白尿。随访15个月尿液分析结果正常
6 弥漫性系膜细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞增生,毛细血管襻狭窄,上皮下嗜复红 b 病程4个月尿液分析结果示尿蛋白呈阴性、红细胞微量。随访1年后,尿液分析结果正常
7 中度系膜细胞增生,局灶节段性毛细血管内皮细胞增生,毛细血管襻纤维素样坏死,系膜区嗜复红 甲泼尼龙15~20 mg/(kg·d)×3 d联合环磷酰胺8~12 mg/(kg·d)×2 d,静脉冲击为1个疗程,治疗3个疗程后,给予甲泼尼龙0.8 mg/(kg·d)口服,病情稳定后剂量递减,治疗6个月后停药 病程5.5个月时尿液分析结果蛋白呈阴性、红细胞少量。随访1.5年时,尿液分析示蛋白呈阴性、红细胞少量
8 中度系膜细胞增生,毛细血管内皮细胞增生,上皮下嗜复红 泼尼松2 mg/(kg·d)口服,病情稳定后剂量递减,治疗6个月后停药 病程6周时肉眼血尿消失,2个月时尿蛋白微量,4个月时尿蛋白呈阴性、尿红细胞微量。随访1年时尿液分析结果正常
9 系膜细胞轻至中度增生,毛细血管内皮细胞增生,系膜区嗜复红 b 病程4个月无反复肉眼血尿。随访1.5年时尿液分析结果正常
10 弥漫性系膜细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞增生,毛细血管襻狭窄,上皮下嗜复红 b 病程40 d时尿蛋白+,7个月时尿红细胞及尿蛋白均呈阴性。随访1年时尿液分析结果正常
11 系膜细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞增生,毛细血管襻狭窄,上皮下嗜复红 b 病程35 d时尿蛋白+,镜下血尿,肾功能好转,病程4个月时尿红细胞多。之后失访
12 系膜细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞增生,毛细血管襻狭窄,上皮下嗜复红 病程2个月后开始口服泼尼松1 mg/(kg·d),病情稳定后剂量递减,治疗3个月后停药 病程2个月时仍有肉眼血尿、中度蛋白尿,病程3个月时尿蛋白呈阴性,伴镜下血尿。随访6个月时,尿液分析结果正常
[1]
易著文,何庆南. 小儿临床肾脏病学[M]. 2版. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2016: 176-179.
[2]
Zaffanello M, Cataldi L, Franchini M, et al. Evidence-based treatment limitations prevent any therapeutic recommendation for acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children[J]. Med Sci Monit, 2010, 16(4): RA79-84.
[3]
沈颖,樊剑锋. 急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎[J]. 临床儿科杂志,2006, 24(6): 457-459.
[4]
Demircioglu Kılıc B, Akbalık Kara M, Buyukcelik M, et al. Pediatric post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: clinical and laboratory data[J]. Pediatr Int, 2018, 60(7): 645-650. DOI: 10.1111/ped.13587.
[5]
Pinto SW, Mastroianni-Kirsztajn G, Sesso R. Ten-year follow-up of patients with epidemic post infectious glomerulonephritis[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(5): e0125313. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125313.
[6]
徐可,肖慧捷,丁洁,等. 急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎与C3肾小球病的关系[J]. 中华实用儿科临床杂志,2016, 31(17): 1296-1299. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-428X.2016.17.005.
[7]
Helal I, Kaaroud H, Goucha R, et al. The pattern of histologically-proven acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis in Tunisian adults seen in 1976-2004[J]. Arab J Nephrol Transplant, 2012, 5(2): 93-96.
[8]
Chugh KS, Malhotra HS, Sakhuja V, et al. Progression to end stage renal disease in post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)—Chandigarh study[J]. Int J Artif Organs, 1987, 10(3): 189-194.
[9]
Jellouli M, Maghraoui S, Abidi K, et al. Outcome of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis post-streptococcal disease in children[J]. Nephrol Ther, 2015, 11(6): 487-491. DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2015.04.005.
[10]
Wong W, Morris MC, Zwi J. Outcome of severe acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in New Zealand children[J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 2009, 24(5): 1021-1026. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-008-1086-5.
[11]
Dagan R, Cleper R, Davidovits M, et al. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis in pediatric patients over two decades: severity-associated features[J]. Isr Med Assoc J, 2016, 18(6): 336-340.
[12]
Nasr SH, Fidler ME, Valeri AM, et al. Postinfectious glomerulonephritis in the elderly[J]. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2011, 22(1): 187-195. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2010060611.
[13]
Raff A, Hebert T, Pullman J, et al. Crescentic post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome in the adult: is aggressive therapy warranted?[J]. Clin Nephrol, 2005, 63(5): 375-380. DOI: 10.5414/cnp63375.
[14]
Baikunje S, Vankalakunti M, Nikith A, et al. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis with crescents in adults: a retrospective study[J]. Clin Kidney J, 2016, 9(2): 222-226. DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfv147.
[15]
Kari JA, Bamagai A, Jalalah SM. Severe acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in an infant[J]. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2013, 24(3): 546-548. DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.111061.
[16]
Mao S, Xuan X, Sha Y, et al. Crescentic acute glomerulonephritis with isolated C3 deposition: a case report and review of literature[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015, 8(2): 1826-1829.
[17]
王芳,肖慧捷,丁洁,等. 不典型急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎3例报告[J]. 临床儿科杂志,2012, 30(7): 646-650. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2012.07.011.
[18]
Wong W, Lennon DR, Crone S, et al. Prospective population-based study on the burden of disease from post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis of hospitalised children in New Zealand: epidemiology, clinical features and complications[J]. J Paediatr Child Health, 2013, 49(10): 850-855. DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12295.
[1] 张璇, 马宇童, 苗玉倩, 张云, 吴士文, 党晓楚, 陈颖颖, 钟兆明, 王雪娟, 胡淼, 孙岩峰, 马秀珠, 吕发勤, 寇海燕. 超声对Duchenne肌营养不良儿童膈肌功能的评价[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1068-1073.
[2] 张宝富, 俞劲, 叶菁菁, 俞建根, 马晓辉, 刘喜旺. 先天性原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流的超声心动图诊断[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1074-1080.
[3] 韩丹, 王婷, 肖欢, 朱丽容, 陈镜宇, 唐毅. 超声造影与增强CT对儿童肝脏良恶性病变诊断价值的对比分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 939-944.
[4] 刘婷婷, 林妍冰, 汪珊, 陈幕荣, 唐子鉴, 代东伶, 夏焙. 超声衰减参数成像评价儿童代谢相关脂肪性肝病的价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 787-794.
[5] 周钰菡, 肖欢, 唐毅, 杨春江, 周娟, 朱丽容, 徐娟, 牟芳婷. 超声对儿童髋关节暂时性滑膜炎的诊断价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 795-800.
[6] 米洁, 陈晨, 李佳玲, 裴海娜, 张恒博, 李飞, 李东杰. 儿童头面部外伤特点分析[J]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2023, 18(06): 511-515.
[7] 中华医学会烧伤外科学分会小儿烧伤学组. 儿童烧伤早期休克液体复苏专家共识(2023版)[J]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2023, 18(05): 371-376.
[8] 李维, 莫俊俏. 儿童呼吸道耐药流感嗜血杆菌基因型鉴定及耐药分析对抗菌药物治疗选择的意义[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 315-323.
[9] 王蕾, 王少华, 牛海珍, 尹腾飞. 儿童腹股沟疝围手术期风险预警干预[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 768-772.
[10] 李芳, 许瑞, 李洋洋, 石秀全. 循证医学理念在儿童腹股沟疝患者中的应用[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 782-786.
[11] 吕垒, 冯啸, 何凯明, 曾凯宁, 杨卿, 吕海金, 易慧敏, 易述红, 杨扬, 傅斌生. 改良金氏评分在儿童肝豆状核变性急性肝衰竭肝移植手术时机评估中价值并文献复习[J]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2023, 12(06): 661-668.
[12] 冷昭富, 汪永新. 儿童去骨瓣减压术后颅骨成形术的研究进展[J]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2023, 09(05): 313-317.
[13] 卓少宏, 林秀玲, 周翠梅, 熊卫莲, 马兴灶. CD64指数、SAA/CRP、PCT联合检测在小儿消化道感染性疾病鉴别诊断中的应用[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(06): 505-509.
[14] 刘笑笑, 张小杉, 刘群, 马岚, 段莎莎, 施依璐, 张敏洁, 王雅晳. 中国学龄前儿童先天性心脏病流行病学研究进展[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(9): 1021-1024.
[15] 李静, 张玲玲, 邢伟. 兴趣诱导理念用于小儿手术麻醉诱导前的价值及其对家属满意度的影响[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(07): 812-817.
阅读次数
全文


摘要