随着医学科学的进步及各种产前诊断技术的应用，一些胎儿发育异常已可被更早发现及诊断，并可在胎儿-新生儿期通过胎儿外科和(或)产时外科技术得到及早矫治，从而改善出生缺陷患儿预后，提高其生存质量。目前，胎儿外科、产时外科及胎儿介入治疗，以及运用胎儿镜及开放式胎儿宫内手术等措施，已在临床上开始开展应用，但是由于地域文化、经济水平、技术难度的影响，胎儿外科技术尚难以普及推广，但产时外科则有了较大进步。本文拟就胎儿外科及产时外科技术的前景及意义予以阐述。

With the progress of medical science and the application of various prenatal diagnosis methods, more and more fetal abnormalities can be early diagnosed. Some birth defects can be corrected and treated earlier in the fetus-neonatal period by fetal surgery or ex utero intrapartum treatment, which can significantly improve the prognosis and quality life of congenital malformation. However, now it is still hard to carry out widely the application of fetal surgery in clinical practice, subject to the restrictions of regional culture, economic level and technical difficulty reasons. On the other hand, the ex utero intrapartum surgery has been achieved measurable progress. This article will review on the prospects and significances of fetal surgery and ex utero intrapartum treatment.